What should I do if my chromatogram encounters a leading edge peak?

 What should I do if my chromatogram encounters a leading edge peak?

✔ 01The influence of frontier peak

1️⃣ A. Calculation of impact peak height

When the peak areas are the same, their peak heights will differ greatly due to the peak front. This has an impact when we use peak height to calculate sample results, especially when calculating the minimum detection limit.

2️⃣ B. Calculation of peak area affected by

When calculating peak areas, the start and end points of the peak are generally determined by the slope of the chromatographic peak. At the front of the chromatographic peak, the flatter the front baseline, the more difficult it is to confirm the starting point, resulting in inaccurate peak area quantification.

3️⃣ C. Affects the confirmation of certain trace components

When the resolution of the previous peaks is not very good, the sample peaks will be easily hidden at the leading edge of the later peaks and cannot be calculated.

✔ 02. Cause analysis and solutions for frontier peaks

1️⃣ A. Column overload

Each chromatographic column has its maximum sample carrying capacity. When the sample amount is too large, overloading will occur, including mass overload and volume overload. We can see whether the peak shape is improved by reducing the sample amount or sample concentration. It can also be solved by increasing the column diameter and using a higher capacity stationary phase.

2️⃣ B. Improper selection of sample solvent

The leading edge peak occurs when the elution power of the sample solvent is much stronger than that of the mobile phase. Specifically, if the sample moves forward uniformly in the chromatographic column, we will usually get a normal distribution of peaks. When the sample solution reaches the chromatographic column in a relatively short time after injection and is not fully diluted by the mobile phase, due to the presence of a sample solvent with relatively strong elution ability, some samples are eluted faster and pass through the chromatographic column quickly, and finally Leading to peak front extension.

3️⃣ C. Chromatographic column damage

After long-term use of a chromatographic column, the silica gel packing will dissolve and the column bed will collapse, resulting in reduced column efficiency and leading to peak fronting. If it is found that the column is damaged, it is recommended to replace the column directly.

4️⃣ D. Peak interference

The two compounds co-elute, that is, a small peak appears before the large peak, and the chromatographic peaks are not separated. Interference can be reduced by adding sample purification procedures. The mobile phase can also be adjusted to improve resolution.

 New to Dissolution? Here are some Resources to Learn From!

Dissolution is an area where I've found that training tends to be lacking. In many companies, dissolution is taught to a chemist from another chemist - and the fundamentals of dissolution can be missed. Luckily, there are several resources to learn the basics of dissolution and help you to understand not only what you're doing in dissolution - but why and how you are doing it the way that you are.

Depending on how you prefer to learn, here are some good ways to elevate your knowledge.

First, I recommend starting with USP <711> Dissolution. This isn't a long chapter, and I think it is important to start with a strong foundation.

Next, there are some different free resources available to help you learn as well. If you prefer learning by webinars, there are many dissolution webinars available at: https://lnkd.in/gw9qrUD
Many of those webinars are ones I've put together and have information I feel is meaningful and relevant for the topics. If you're just starting out, go to the Dissolution: Foundation to Innovation Series and begin with Fundamentals.
If you'd like a more interactive training, Agilent has a free fundamentals training at: https://lnkd.in/eMhmJM8w
Much of that material was put together by Bryan Crist, who has been a mentor to me for many years.

Want to see what's going on with dissolution? LinkedIn can be helpful there, and there are dissolution and pharma focused groups to stay up to date. Dissolution Technologies magazine is great to check out as well at: https://lnkd.in/g_NeYhrK

Hopefully, you find I'm a helpful resource to you as well.

 Control Limit (CL) Vs Specification Limit(SL)

Control Limit (CL)

The control limit is a statistical concept used in quality control to determine the acceptable range of variation in a process.

It is defined as the upper and lower limits within which a process is considered to be under control.

If data points fall outside these limits, it indicates that the process is out of control and requires investigation and corrective action.

Specification Limit (SL)

A specification limit refers to the maximum or minimum acceptable value for a particular characteristic or parameter of a product or process.

It is commonly used in quality control to ensure that products meet certain standards or requirements.

#qualitycontrol

HPLC Method Development and Quantification of Favipiravir in Both Bulk and Solution Form

 Abstract

Favipiravir (FVP) structurally is an analog of pyrazine and showed its antiviral actions against a diverse species of viruses. Due to this fact, it was chosen as a potential candidate to be further investigated to cure COVID-19. A simple, accurate, rapid, precise, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been established for quality control assurance of FVP in pharmaceutical preparations. Column no C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) was used for such separation analysis. A combination of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer was used in 10:90 ratios as the mobile phase (90:10, v/v) having a flow rate of 1 mL / min. further, it was detected at 220 nm, and the temperature was maintained at 25 °C. The run time was then set at 10 min. A linear relationship of R 2 0.998 was confirmed while drawing a graph between FVP concentration and peak area that has a concentration range of 40-200 ppm. The developed method is sensitive (limits of detection and quantification are 1.83 ppm and 5.75 ppm respectively). Three injections at concentrations of 80,100 and 120 (ppm) were injected the same day to ensure the precision of the method. The prepared solution remains stable for 24 h. The suggested method has been successfully useful for the quantification of FVP in pharmaceutical formulations

For more information 

check below link

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365131405_HPLC_Method_Development_and_Quantification_of_Favipiravir_in_Both_Bulk_and_Solution_Form?utm_source=twitter&rgutm_meta1=eHNsLTZST3FabjFIWnZPRUpXbDR6TTVvM3pMdmdVZkNCK2ZIQmpwbWxIMmw2Y2V6cStPTzEyVW8xYnJZUFpzRnVvaDlDOUhRY2Z4LzdGUENhNTZraGRtMU5Pdz0%3D

Cepts of Japanese culture, which can help you improve your lifestyle and pattern.

Japan is known as one of the best places to live as the people of Japan understand what is the correct way of living and its purpose behind.

#1: Oubaitori.
Never compare yourself.
Everyone blossoms in their own time in different ways.
Don't judge yourself by someone else's path.

#2: Kaizen.
Continuously improve.
Constantly strive to improve across all areas of your life.
Small changes accumulate and make all the difference.
 
#3: Wabi-sabi.
Embrace imperfection.
Nothing lasts, nothing is complete.
Accept your own flaws and those of others.
Find beauty in imperfection.

#4: Gaman.
Have dignity during duress.
Hard times need to be met with emotional maturity and self-control. We need patience, perseverance, + tolerance.

#5: Ikigai.
Know your reason for being.
Define the reason you get up in the morning.
Make it something you are good at, passionate about, and that the world needs. THIS is meaning.

#6: Shikita ga nai.
Accept and let go.
Some things simply aren't within our control.
Accept what you cannot change, and move on.

#7: Shu-Ha-Ri
Don't be wasteful.
Everything deserves respect and gratitude.
Recognize the value in what's around you and don't waste it.

#8: Kintsugi.
Repair cracks with gold.
Imperfections are a thing of beauty.
The journeys we all take are golden.
Our flaws are embellishments that make us more beautiful.
 
#9: Omoiyari.
Show consideration for others.
Life is better when we care for others.
Be thoughtful. Build compassion.